Scope and importance of microbiology
These are some main scope and importance of microbiology
1. Production of antibiotic:- Antibiotic are capable of inhibiting the growth of micro-organism. Antibiotic mainly two types: first bacteriostatic (Inhibit the growth of micro-organism) and second bactericidal (kill the bacteria).
2. Production of enzymes, vaccine and alcohol:- List of micro-organisms, which are helping in the production of enzymes, vaccine and alcohol.
3. Production of food and dairy product:- Use microorganism to make food and dairy product such as cheese, curd, butter and butter milk.
4. Cosmetic and perfume:- Some species use for making perfume and soap like romaine.
5. Agriculture and soil fertility:- Nitrogen is an essential for the synthesis of protein, nucleic acid and other nitrogen containing compound.
6. Industrial microbiology:- Using micro-organism to make products such as antibiotics, vaccine, alcohol & other solvent, vitamins, amino acid, enzyme etc.
7. Generic engineering:- Engineered micro-organism used to make hormones, antibiotic, vaccines and other product.
8. Sterilization:- sterilization is a process used to eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores. It is an important step in the production of medical and pharmaceutical products as well as food beverage products.
Classification of microbiology
On the basis of cellular level microbiology can be classified as following:
1. Acellular
In this type of micro-organism single poorly developed cell is present in which cell membrane and nucleus is absent. Ex- virus.
2. Cellular
This is the complete cell structure in which the cell membrane and nucleus is develop, it further can be divided into 2 types:
1. Acellular:- In this type of micro-organism single poorly developed cell is present in which cell membrane and nucleus is absent. Ex- virus.
2. Cellular:- This is the complete cell structure in which the cell membrane and nucleus is develop, it further can be divided into 2 types:
A. Prokaryotic cell:- Cell membrane is developed but cell organelles and nucleus are absent. Ex- bacteria and archaea.
B. Eukaryotic cell:- These cells are well developed and they have well developed nucleus and cell organelles. Ex- Fungi and protozoa.
Algae
They are eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular. They are microscopic and microscopic in size. They obtain their energy from photosynthetic autotrophs
Viruses
Viruses are microscopic organism that can cause disease in humans, animals and plants. They are composed of genetic material surrounded by a protective coat of protein.
Structure of viruses
The structure of virus is complex and varies from one species to another. It consists of several components such as the capsid, envelope, nucleic acid pore and trail fibers. Size of virus is 1/10 to 1/1000, the size of an ordinary bacterial cell, they are non-motile. These are some main scope and importance of microbiology.
Scope and importance of microbiology
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